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salt marsh dieback
High salt marsh dieback, or salt marsh browning, is the primary force in salt marsh degradation in the high marsh. The general effect is that the plants in the marsh die off and brown, leaving dead organic matter, and ultimately open sediment. Without strong plant roots holding the sediment, these open areas of land erode, causing the salt marsh to retreat back to the mainland.〔Webb E.C., Mendelssohn I.A., Wilsey B.J. (1995) "Causes for vegetation dieback in a Louisiana salt marsh: a bioassay approach". ''Aquatic Botany'' 51: 281–289〕 Dieback zones lack their main producers, such as the salt marsh cord grass, or ''Spartina alterniflora'', and ultimately become completely unproductive.〔Bertness M, Silliman B.R., Jefferies R. (2004) "Salt marshes under siege". ''American Scientist'' 92(1): 54〕
== Overview of hypotheses ==
Scientists have studied salt marsh dieback for decades, and they still argue about its causes. One of the main ideas suggests that salt marsh dieback is caused by waterlogging in ''S. alterniflora'' from increased submersion within the tides, increased sediment, and oxygen deficiency.〔Goodman P.J, Williams W.T. (1961) "Investigations into 'die-back' in ''Spartina townsendii'' agg." ''Journal of Ecology'' 49(2): 391–398〕 Other scientists have researched the possibility of increased soil salinity and decreased soil water as the causes for dieback.〔Brown C.E., Pezeshki S.R. (2007) "Threshold for recovery in the marsh halophyte ''Spartina alterniflora'' grown under the combined effects of salinity and soil drying". ''Journal of Plant Physiology'' 164: 274–282〕
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